From Looking Digital to Being Digital: The Impact of Technology on the Future of Work Notes: and workplace dynamics.” From their 15. Situational awareness is commonly defined 1. McDonald, Mark and Andy Rowsell-Jones, perspective, industrial engineering needs as access to information (about factors The Digital Edge. Stamford, CT: Gartner, Inc, to reconnect with work design in a way like supply, price, competitor behavior, and 2012; Accenture Technology Vision 2013. that bridges big ideas like “collaboration” industry and peer best practices), analytical 2. Ramsey, Mike. “Design Revolution Sweeps or “simplification” with the distinctive tools (with which to make decisions), and features of industries and workplaces. authority (to actually make decisions. It the Auto Industry.” Wall Street Journal, See: Bailey, Diane E and Stephen R. Barley. is described by Alberts and Hayes (See: October 20, 2013. online.wsj.com/news/ “Return to work: Toward post-industrial Alberts, David S., and Richard E. Hayes. articles/SB100014241278873239687045786 engineering.” Center for Work, Technology Power to the Edge: Command, Control 49862128698352/; Anderson, Chris. Makers: and Organization, Management Science in the Information Age. Washington DC: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: and Engineering 37 (2005): 737–752. CCRP, 2003. 15) as one of the “enduring Crown Business, 2012. DOI: 10.1080/07408170590918308 principles” of command and control. In 3. McDonald, Mark. “Creating a difference 9. Eric Trist posed an alternative view in edge-centric organizations, command and between digital, digitize and digitalization.” his sociotechnical systems theory. He control does not disappear; however, the Gartner, Inc. October 12, 2012. http://blogs. suggested that a relationship exists distribution of authority and responsibility gartner.com/mark_mcdonald/2012/10/12/ between technology and social structure changes dramatically. creating-a-difference-between-digital- where social systems shaped technologies 16. Holland, Steven. Chief Technology digitize-and-digitalization/; Jackson, John, and their use. His work inspired many and Chief Digital Officer of 7-Eleven, Inc. Grange, Oliver and Kevin Millan. “From researchers to investigate the role of social Interview by Masoud Loghmani. Phone analog to digital: How to transform the dynamics and technology. See: Trist, Eric. interview. Conducted between San Jose, business model.” Accenture Outlook, 2012, “The evolution of socio-technical systems: Dallas, and Boston. August 30, 2013 and No. 2. http://www.accenture.com/us-en/ a conceptual framework and an action September 9, 2013. outlook/Pages/outlook-journal-2012-from- research program.” Ontario Quality of analog-to-digital-how-to-transform- Working Life Center, Occasional Paper, No. 17. Hayes, Frank. “7-Eleven’s Supply-Chain business-model.aspx 2, June 1981. Robert J. Thomas makes a Effort Will Have Benefits Way Beyond 4. Downes, Larry, and Paul Nunes. Big similar argument with detailed case studies 7-Eleven.” Fierce Retail. April 18, 2013. in What Machines Can’t Do: Politics and http://www.fierceretail.com/story/7- Bang Disruption: Strategy in the Age of elevens-supply-chain-effort-will-have- Devastating Innovation. New York: Technology in the Industrial Enterprise. See: benefits-way-beyond-7-eleven/2013-04-18; Penguin, 2014. Thomas, Robert J. What Machines Can’t Do: “7-Eleven Works With IRI to Create ‘Single 5. Evans, Peter C., and Marco Annunziata. Politics and Technology in the Industrial Version of the Truth’.” Convenience Store “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries Enterprise. Berkeley: University of California News. April 16, 2013. http://www.csnews. of Minds and Machines.” General Electric. Press, 1994. com/top-story-business_focus 7_eleven_ November 26, 2012. 10. Orlikowski, Wanda. “The sociomateriality of works_with_iri_to_create__single_version_ 6. Bilgram, Volker, and Constance Casper. “How organisational life: considering technology of_the_truth_-63463.html companies tap the potential of innovative in management research.” Cambridge 18. Evans, Peter C., and Marco Annunziata. users: examples from Germany part II.” Journal of Economics 34 (2010): 125-141. “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries Innovation Management. http://www. DOI: 10.1093/cje/bep058 of Minds and Machines.” General Electric. innovationmanagement.se/2013/01/14/how- 11. Gratton, Lynda. The Shift: The Future of November 26, 2013, P.21. companies-tap-the-potential-of-innovative- Work is Already Here. London: HarperCollins 19. Ibid. users-examples-from-germany-part-ii/ Business, 2013. 7. Innovation: The Missing Dimension. 12. McDonald, Mark and Andy Rowsell-Jones. 20. Ibid; Ruh, Bill. Global Software VP for GE The Digital Edge. Stamford, CT: Gartner, Analytics, Interview by Robert J. Thomas and Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Alex Kass. In-person interview. Conducted in Press, 2006. Inc, 2012. San Ramon, CA. May 28, 2013; Little, Mark. 8. Bailey and Barley argue that the field of 13. Knight, Will. “This Robot Could Transform GE Research and Development. In-person industrial engineering has lost its way Manufacturing.” MIT Technology Review. interview. Conducted in Schenectady, NY. in what we describe as the shift from September 18, 2012. http://www. May 31, 2013. adaptable to intelligent digital processes: “… technologyreview.com/news/429248/this- 21. Davies, Anna, Fidler, Devin, and Marina [D]esigners of modern work systems cannot robot-could-transform-manufacturing/ Gorbis. “Future Work Skills 2020.” Institute apply generic work solutions, but rather 14. Alberts, David S., and Richard E. Hayes. for the Future for University of Phoenix must work from an intimate knowledge of Power to the Edge: Command, Control in Research. 2011. http://www.iftf.org/uploads/ specific practices, processes, technologies the Information Age. Washington DC: media/SR-1382A_UPRI_future_work_skills_ CCRP, 2003. sm.pdf 42 | Accenture | Copyright 2014 Accenture. All rights reserved. ©